Amplitude, Period, Phase Shift, Vertical Shift, and Frequency

Some functions (like sine and cosine) repeat forever and are called Periodic Functions.

Amplitude

• It is the height from the center line to the peak (or to the trough). Or we can measure the height from highest to lowest points and divide that by 2.

Period

• It goes from one peak to the next (or from any point to the next matching point).

Phase Shift

• It is how far the function is shifted horizontally from the usual position.

Vertical Shift

• It is how far the function is shifted vertically from the usual position.

Frequency

• It is how often something happens per unit of time (per "1").

General Equation:

\begin{equation} y = A sin ( B x \pm C ) \pm D \end{equation}

\begin{equation} P = \frac{2\pi}{B} \end{equation}

\begin{equation} F = \frac{1}{P} \end{equation}

Where:

A = Amplitude

C = Phase Shift (when positive, it is shifted to the left; when negative, it is shifted to the right)

D = Vertical Shift (when positive, it is shifted upward; when negative, it is shifted downward)

P = Period

F = Frequency